Saudi Arabia’s interest in critical minerals has become a clear extension of its Vision 2030 push to diversify beyond oil. Speaking at Riyadh’s Future Minerals Forum in January last year, energy minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman said “oil is no longer the energy security challenge – it’s going to be gas, electricity and predominantly minerals.” Those priorities link directly to Saudi targets, including a goal for 30% of new car sales to be electric by 2030 and a plan to boost production to 500,000 electric vehicles by that year. Under Vision 2030, the country also aims for 50% of its electricity generation to be from renewable sources, with more than $186bn invested in sustainable projects under the Saudi Green Initiative.
Africa is central to that search for supply. The continent is home to an estimated 30% of the world’s proven critical mineral reserves, and it possesses around 55% of the world’s cobalt, almost half of total manganese supply, and more than 20% of natural graphite. In this context, Saudi-backed capital has been positioning itself alongside other Gulf players already active in the region. The UAE, for example, signed a $1.9bn deal with the DRC’s state-owned miner Sakima in July 2023 to develop four critical mineral mines. In December 2023, Abu Dhabi’s International Resources Holding won a $1.1bn bid to become the new strategic equity partner of Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Limited in Mopani Copper Mine.
Manara Minerals: A Saudi Investment Vehicle Moves Toward Zambia
Manara Minerals was established as a joint venture between Saudi state-owned miner Ma’aden and the Public Investment Fund (PIF) in January 2023, and it has been described as a vehicle that can follow through on broader partnership commitments. One signal of intent is its reported bidding on stakes in Zambia’s Sentinel and Kansanshi copper mines. This is where the Manara Minerals Zambia copper story becomes practical: it is not only about high-level forums and MoUs, but also about targeting producing assets and positioning Saudi Arabia inside supply chains that support batteries and electrification. Saudi Arabia has also forged strategic partnerships with at least eight African countries, promoting investment, knowledge transfer, and technical and legislative cooperation.
Zambia’s copper narrative is increasingly framed in the language of the energy transition and industrial strategy. TIME reports the landlocked nation of 22 million has ambitious plans to quadruple copper output to 3 million tons annually by 2031. The article also highlights the scale of activity at Kansanshi, describing 2,697 explosions at the 1,100-acre main pit in northern Zambia. This national focus on copper comes amid global competition for the minerals that underpin electric vehicles and other “technologies of the future,” including nickel, which is cited as a key input for high-performance batteries. For foreign investors, that mix of geology, ambition, and demand helps explain why Zambia remains in the spotlight.
Policy and development institutions argue the stakes extend beyond extraction. Brookings projects the number of additional formal jobs in copper, cobalt, nickel, and lithium mines may be around 286,000 by 2040, and it cites Boston Consulting Group estimates that a $1 billion investment in mining and processing can create 3,000-6,000 direct jobs. The same estimates point to $210-$280 million in GDP contribution in steady state and $70-$100 million in annual incremental government revenue in steady state, alongside $100 million spent on regional infrastructure. Against that backdrop, Saudi Arabia’s outward mining strategy—channeled through PIF, Ma’aden, and Manara Minerals—fits into a wider contest to secure supply while shaping where investment, jobs, and processing capacity land.
What is driving Saudi Arabia’s interest in African critical minerals?
How does Manara Minerals connect to Zambia’s copper sector?
What makes Zambia such a focal point for copper investment interest?
What figures show the UAE’s recent activity in African minerals?
What jobs and economic impact estimates are cited for mining investments in Africa?